Systematic methodology

Systematic ethnology

Systematic anthropology

Systematic linguistics

Population geogenetics

Systematic poetics

Systematic folkloristics

 

 

Reformatorium

Prehistoric tribes

Prehistoric races

Prehistoric languages

Population ethnogenetics

Literary genres

Prehistoric folklore

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*                Racial taxonomy

*                Ethnic taxonomy

*                Europe

*                Asia

*                Anatolia

*                Caucasus

*                Africa

*                Arabia

*                India

*                China

*                Indonesia

*                Indochina

*                Polynesia

*                Australia

*                North America

*                South America

 

 

*                Spain France

*                Italy Benelux

*                Britain Celts

*                Scandinavia

*                Germany

*                Balts Slavs

*                Greece

*                Orient

 

 

African Archaeological, Architectonical and Linguistic Structures

Clickable terms are red on the yellow background

 

 

 

 

Map 4. The quadrangular architecture of African axe-tool tribes

(Pavel Blek: The Differential Analysis of the Wordwide Human Varieties . Prague 2019. pp. 15)

 

 

Map 5. Varieties of African housing

(Pavel Blek: The Differential Analysis of the Wordwide Human Varieties . Prague 2019. pp. 16)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Auxiliary Criteria of Architectural, Ceramic and Linguistic Ethnology

 

The racial and ethnic identification cannot be guided only by the present-day phenotype appearance, its analysis has to trace back archaeological roots, explore geographical distribution and compare also typological chains in several prehistoric disciplines. Map 4 demonstrates that Africa is occupied by at least three related dolichocephalous racial stocks with similar osteology, craniology and housing: autochthonous African Negrids, Caucasoid Ethiopids and Nordic Littorids. Their skeletons show tall stature, platycnemia betraying terrestial open-air ecotype and upright gait but share similar traits also in collective life-style, clothing, architecture and housing. Moreover, they seem to be correlated also by analogous inclinations to axe-tool making industry, vegetal and plant-gathering subsistence, rectangular longhouses, matrilocal endogamous marriage, dowry and theocracy.

Map 4 shows three principal streams of axe-tool makers, who descended from the African continent but later returned back to its heart. All factions of Negrids originally cohabited in large matrilinear families and built quadrangular timber huts filled by clay. Their shape was roughly similar to large longhouses inhabited by the Danubian peasants of the Neolithic Linear Culture or collective house maloca of the Tup-Guaran tribes in Amazonia. The common denominator of all Negrids consisted in wearing fringed grass aprons and the custom of grown-up women to go out bare-breasted in a topless dress. Fringed grass aprons form an indispensable accessory of clothing in Melanesia, Polynesia and Amazonia. Their design was clearly discernible also in paintings of ancient Mesopotamian Gutii, Ubaidan peasants and Cretan goddesses. The chief duty of their females was to bring water in gouged wooden vessels on their head. Another typical utensil was a head-bench for resting and sleeping.

External influences from Eurasia were visible in Caucasoid Etiopids and Atlantic Littorids. The Acheulean Ethiopids accomplished an architectural revolution by replacing wooden logs by clay and rammed pis on account of lack wood in arid desert regions. They began to build multi-cellular many-roomed houses out of sun-dried bricks. They had flat roofs, firm external walls and few outer windows. In fear of alien intruders, they were usually accessed on removable ladders from above. Their architectonic style was favoured by farmers and townsfolk in Ethiopia, Egypt, Libya and Algeria. The hybrid composition of African Nordids and Caucasoids out of heterogeneous layers should not make us blind to their specific new peculiarities. Their ethnic heritage shone through especially in the rites of bull cults and bull fighting. They settled down in fertile areas along the reaches of water streams but they did not despise colonising arid areas of oases in deserts, either.

The last but not the least of African races comes the ethnic group of white-skinned Littoralids pursuing the western coast of Africa as beachcombers as far as the South African Cap of Good Hope. The European Bell-Beaker Folk and African Littoralids manufactured campaniform pottery with corded patterns and lived in huts that were reminiscent of the Frisian three-aisled wurt. Their two-pitched roofs were sloping down to the earth. The mysterious group of Atlantic Littoralids with shell midden evolved from the Mesolithic Campignian culture (10,000 BC). They were of Indo-European origin but differed from the Danubian Europids with clear agricultural dispositions by living as shellfish eaters relishing on molluscs, snails and frogs. These northern invaders were probably responsible for the import of the West African sacred double-bitted axe. The ancient Romans knew it as bipennis, the Greek Minoans called it labrys and Lydians mentioned it as πελεκυς, pelekus.1 Its true copy was celebrated in the mythology of African Yoruba people, who worshipped it as a symbol of the god Sango or Xango.

The early invasion of white-skinned Nordids into the African continent can be documented also by archaeological finds. Their hosts sailed along the western coasts of Portugal, Mauretania, Guinea and Angola as far as South Africa. They belonged to beachcombers classified as Littoralids, built their shelters on elevated sand-dunes and left behind characteristic heaps of shell midden (kjkkenmddinger). Their roaming hordes may be denoted as Campignians affiliated to Frisians and the Mugem culture in Portugal. The southwest regions of Europe became their secondary homeland and served as the birthplace of Franco-Swabian tribes. In the Neolithic they developed a special cultivar of the Beaker-Folk culture with its typical bell-shaped pottery. It was probably the Portuguese Mugem shell-midden culture that ensured Frenchmen and Franco-Swabians the ill repute of frog-eaters. The ceramic morphology of the Spanish Bell-Beaker Folk retained its patterns also on African travels. It breathed life into the Campagniforme culture swaying in Guinea and Angola in the Neolithic period. Its spread may be responsible for a great number of Europoid toponyms and ethnonyms such as Cotonou, Ketou, Brass and Sasso in the Gulf of Guinea. The residual vestiges of the Bell-Beaker Folk Littoralids colonies can be recognised also in recent ethnic tribes. Bernartziks ethnographical survey mentioned them as hosts of conspicuously white-skinned indigenous tribes on the coasts of Angola.2

 

 

 

 

Such intercontinental similarities witness that consanguine populations maintain genetic inheritance, cultural endurance and long-range typological stability. Their inner affinity is based on the common genetic outfit passed as a relay over hundred thousand years. After Negrids pursued the fates of archaic Oldowan ancestrors they enriched their cultural endowment by adding Sangoan and Lupembian innovations. On the Arabian Peninsula they infiltrated into the northern boreal Asiatic races and their mutual contacts gave rise to the mixed hybrid race of Acheulean Caucasoids. Caucasoids flooded the Near East, Anatolia and South Asia and took part in reforms of Neolithic agriculture. Their kinsfolk expanded also backwards in the native African continent and created a new racial variety of Ethiopids. Their northern mutations included European Neolithic farmers and Campignian Littoralids, who combed the beaches of Atlantic seacoasts as far as the Gulf of Guinea.

Map 5 adds comparison between rectangular housing types common to axe-tool cultures of African origin and tent constructions characteristic of Afro-Asiatic tribes descending from the Near East. The raids of Afro-Asiatic invaders are assumed to have created the language families of Semitic, Berber, ChadicCushitic, Egyptian and Omotic peoples. The Arabic and Bedouin nomadic camel-breeders lived in irregular marquee tents with several pitches supported by poles. Bedouins called them beit al-shar, its Mauritanian form was denoted as tekna and Tibetan herders knew it as ndrogba. The Berber Imazhigen originally built huts and burials mounds resembling cupolar or half-barrel shaped beehive constructions common among the Maasai and the Khoisan Khoikhoi. But they looked like stonemade dome-shaped vaulted cairns, whereas the cattle-breeding herders in the southern regions of Africa made them out of boughs and straw. Cushitic settlers took over the architectonic style of East African rondavels, i.e. the Pedi-Thongan roundhouses with pointed conical roofs and cylindrical basement. Modern Herero and Damara tribes live in conical huts with cylindrical understructure but their Mesolithic progenitors preferred to dwell in rock shelters and articifical rock-hewn-caves. They arrived to South Africa with the plantations of Wilton culture colonists (5000 BC) and sketched petroglyphs and rock-paintings that are erroneously attributed to Bushmen.

 

The Word Order in African Languages

 

Current theories of Afro-Asiatic languages are based on comparing their lexical substance and pay less attention to phonology, word-order and syntactic structures. Lexical cognates provide a good guide in short-range comparison but prove less reliable than short-range parallels detected by population genetics. Its apparatus enables to trace chained lineages of chromosomal haplogroups but fails to furnish links between African and Melanesian Negrids or between the African Negrillos and the Oceanic Negritos. This is why we find an efficient aid in long-range parallels detected in popular tribal architecture, clothing styles, religious magic, ancestral myths and folktale motifs. Good long-range parallels results are surprisingly obtained also by comparing phonological repertories, grammatical structures and word-order in different continents. All descendants of the Olduwan Homo erectus must have possessed common language paradigms because stray population in southeast Asia, Oceania and America preserved their traditional morphology with prefixing classifiers and phonology with prenasalised stops mb-, nd-, ng-. Moreover, all axe-tool cultures seem to have maintained the classic word-order opposed to Altaic agglutination:

Construction

Mongoloid

Indo-European

Bantu

sentence-conjunction

preposition-noun

subject-verb-object

adjective-noun

attribute-noun

numeral-noun

apposition-noun

C Cps

Nps

S O V

A N

G N

U Nsg

N P

C cr C

pr Ng

S V O

N Aar (Aar N)

N G

U Npl

P N

C cr C

prN

S V O

crN crA

N G

cN U

P N

Table 4. The typology of word-order structures

To sum up comparative considerations, it is needful to outline several long-range generalisations of dolichocephalic axe-tool manufacturers: (1) Homo erectus and Oldowan Palaeo-Negrids, (2) Sangoan Neo-Negrids, (3) Acheulean Caucasoids and (5) European Macrolithic Nordids. This group is opposed to (6) short-sized Lappids, (7) gracile Ichthyophages producing Leptolithic flake-tools and (8) giant megafauna hunters. The first two categories belonged to the black equatorial race that functioned in Africa as the continental dominant. It absorbed all less populous minorities and enforced on them its genetic character: melanochroic skin, the ABO blood group O+, the Y-haplogroup E, the mtDNA haplogroup L, dolichocranial skull and chamaeorrhinic nose.

The primordial unity of axe-tool races lasted more than one million years until it split into two sections: the sovereign dominance of the black equatorial race in Africa and the subdominant vegetation of Acheulean colonists in Eurasia. In the boreal regions of Eurasia equatorial races underwent depigmentation, their secondary racial dermatic traits changed but their primary osteal and cranial features still exhibited genetic continuity. The colour of their skin, hair and eyes acquired lighter shades, yet their tall robust figure and dolichocephalic skull survived untouched. Interbreeding and interfertile contacts with tall Eurasian Dinarids made them lose characteristic nasal chamaerrhinia and platyrrhinia. Their tall stature grew even taller while their narrow aquiline nasal profile lowered nasal indices. As a result, three quarters of Nordic physiognomy are now made up from African axe-tool makers but one quarter of the newly-acquired genetic endowment is due to the Dinaric neighbourhood.

 

From Pavel Blek: The Differential Analysis of the Wordwide Human Varieties . Prague 2019. pp. 14-17

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



1  Plutarch, Quaestiones Graecae 2.302a. 

2 H. A. Bernartzik: Die neue grosse Vlkerkunde. Wien Prag 1962.