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The Tribal Composition of India Clickable terms are red on the yellow background |
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(from P. Bělíček: The Differential Analysis of the Wordwide Human Varieties. Prague 2018, Tables 40, 41, pp. 131-132) |
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Racial Varieties on the Indian Subcontinent
One of
the first ethnographic researchers of The most detailed studies were provided by
Indic scholars B. S. Guha and D. N. Majumdar. Guha based his considerations
on Hutton’s classification relying
on treating Hindus with terms for Europoid races. He discovered the Negrito
element rightfully in the Kadars but erroneously in the martial race of
Nagas. In his opinions the Proto-Austroloid or Pre-Dravidian element was
preserved in the Santhals, the Mundas, the Juangas, the Soaras, the Kondhs.
His system distinguished Tibeto-Mongoloids (tribes of Egon Freiherr
von Eickstedt became a reputed connoisseur of Asiatic anthropology after his
research expedition to (1) New Hindus or genuine Indids: culturally
advanced peoples, finer physical phenotypes. (2) Gracile Indids (the Bengalis): brown
skin colour, gracile appearance, patriarchal customs. (3) North Indids (the Rajputs, Todas):
light brown skin colour, patriarchal societies. (4) Gondids (Gonds, Juangs, Bhils, Oraons):
dark brown skin colour, curly hair, hoe-cultivation. (5) Malids (Kurumber, Weddah): dark
brown skin, curly hair. (6) Melanids or Black Hindus: mixed hybrid
groups with several subclades. (7) Southern Melanids (Yanadi): plant-gatherers,
hoe-cultivators and peasants in the southern plains of (8) Kolids (the Munda, Ho, Santhal in
the (9) Proto-Australoids (the Pulayan women and
the Urali in Travancore, the Baiga in Rewa): ‘dolichocephalic head; markedly
platyrrhine nose, depressed at the root, short stature, dark brown skin
colour, wavy or even curly hair’. Their limbs are delicate, their forehead is
less developed and slightly retreating, supraorbital ridges are often
prominent. This group includes also the tribes of Chenchu, Kannikar, Kondh,
Bhil, Santhal and Oraon.
Mediterranids. Indic populations contain substantial
admixtures of Altaic races with gracile appearance, slim figure, leptorhine
noses and tall faces. Eickstedt discerned three types of Indic Mediterranids:
(a) Dravidian Palaeo-Mediterraneans such as Tamil and Telugu tribes, (b) the
people of the In West European anthropology the term of
Mediterranids covers several stocks of nomadic fishermen and small-game
hunters without distinguishing Aurignacian Tungids (38,000 BC) from two
factions of Turanids: the Magdalenian Iberoids (17,000 BC) in The group of oriental races generally
reckons with three racial types known from European studies. (a) The tall
brachycephalous Dinaric race is reported to range in the areas of Aryans. A special attention is paid
to the fabulous Indic Nordids storied by many controversial myths of Aryan
Indo-Europeistics. They are celebrated as victorious champions, who blessed Nordids. Attempts to classify them
as Europoid Nordids are doomed to failure, in fact, the Aryans were
Sarmatised and Iranised Uralids affiliated principally with Siberian
big-mammal hunters. The real bearers of European language traditions were the
Campignian Littoralids importing the early Corded Ware via the Indic Nordids and Europids with the
Y-haplogroups I1, I2 produced Macrolithic axes that were derived from
Elamitoid Macrolithic civilisations with the Y-haplogroups J1, J2. These
cultures were responsible for the epoch-making rise of Neolithic agriculture
but grew out of earlier Micoquian and Acheulean plant-gathering axe-tool
makers. Their principal inventions were axes, adzes, mattocks and hoes for
slash-and-burn farming. These stone instruments served for cutting woody
species, unearthing edible roots and loosening soil before sowing. The
Campignian colonists founded plantations in †Caucasoids: the
†Armenoids: a
term for races with aquiline noses, which proves to be misleading, because
Armenians are a hybrid mixture of Europoids, Turcoids and Abkhazians. More appropriate
names may be found in Abkhazoids, Maikopians, Aralids: a
term that improperly refers to the Turcoid Turanids subsumed as Homo
sapiens. eur. turanicus (Montandon 1928). †Negrito: the
Negrito people are of dark-coloured skin owing to secondary contact with dark
Melanesian Negrids. They did not make their livelihood as insular fishermen
but rainforest foragers, honey-eaters and insectivores. They must have
descended from the short-sized Annamites in Table 32.
Deletable terms of Hindu
Anthropology |
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The Racial Composition of Indic and Dravidian
Peoples
Traditional
comparative linguistics was founded in the mid-19th century in
honest efforts to reconstruct the evolutionary family-trees of living
languages but got gruel by the 20th century’s counterstroke of
holistic dogmatism. Its main error consisted in regarding evolution as a
uni-sexual monogenesis of mother-tongues to their daughters without
assistance of heterozygous fathers. It has established a firm classification
of nationalities based on amounts of mutual loanwords between neighbouring
tribes compressed into a unified shape in ancient and medieval administrative
domains. It mistook genetic consanguine kinship with the degree of mutual
permeation of vicinal national tongues. Such preconceptions engendered also
unilinear evolutionary models of Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Sino-Tibetan, Tai-Kadai,
Austronesian, Austroasiatic and Hmong-Mien
families. Ancient The extant family trees suffer from
mistaking the hotch-potch terms for mixed heterogeneous domains for pure
elements. Classic comparatistics maintained the following statements: Indo-European ® Slavic + Baltic Indo-European is an ancestor of the Slavic and the Baltic family Indo-European É Slavic + Baltic The Indo-European family includes the Slavic and Baltic family
It presupposed that (i) c ® a + b
is a descendancy relation, where (ii) a, b are disjointed
elements without intersections, i.e. a Ç b = Æ,
(iii) it implies that the element a Î c and b Î c. A
new revised taxonomy must refute strict relations and replace them by a
weaker relation c Þ a È b. It means that c
contains the majority of a and b and a and b have
intersection. Then Table 31 is
rewritten as follows. North Dravidian Þ [Brahui È Kurukh (Þ Oraon È Kisan) È
Malto
(Þ Sauria
Paharia)] Central Dravidian Þ (Koya È Kolami È Naiki È Ollari È Duruwa) South Dravidian Þ [(Malayalam È Tamil È Irula) È (Toda È South
Central Dravidian Þ [(Telugu È Chenchu)] È [(Kuvi È Kui) È (Manda È Pengo)] There was a number of racial dominants in the official census of
Dravidian India, and the decisive role was played by Turanids represented by
several factions. The earliest faction were the Proto-Malayese cultures of
club-, knife- and boomerang-throwers with microblades, the ABO blood group B
and the Y-haplotype R*-M173. Their later progeny included the Harappan
merchantry with the Y-haplotype R1a. The dominant position was however seized
by the Tamil Turanids with R1b, rock-cut caves and grey burnished ware
(11,000 BC). The lower Harappan caste of peasantry stemmed from Elamitoids
agriculturalists with Y-haplogroups J and G. The last but not least was a
class of urban craftsmen with cremations, whose Cemetery H culture
crisscrossed *
Vindhyan Indo-Nordids with cord-impressed pottery and s-plurals
(Brahmans, Kshatryas). * Aryan Indo-Sarmatids with burials by
exposition on scaffolds (Aryas, Saraiki, Marathi, Muria).
* Macrolithic Dravidian Elamitoids with b-plurals, bull cults, Y-hg J (Kodagu,
Kolami, Gadaba, Purji).
* Burmese Tungids with Mongolic
epicanthic lids and Y-hg C
(Palaung, Karen, Danu).
symbolism, Y-DNA haplogroups R1a and R1b,
rock-cut caves, rock art and the Turkish sit posture: Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam, Orissa, * Palaeo-Turcoid Veddids,
the Palaeolithic predecessors of Tamils remarkable for tree-dwellings and the archaic Y-DNA haplogroup R*-M173;
besides rough microblades they produced false boomerangs and bent throwing sticks
(Urali, Kallar1, Maravar and Vatuka).2
Eastern Indo-Scythoids, mummifiers
(Munda, Mundari, Santhali, Bihari and Oriya tribes).
* Dravidian Indo-Negritos:
hoe-cultivators with the Y-hg O (Kadars, Koyi, Kolami, Chenchu). * Oldowan Indo-Negrids
with pebble-stone choppers (Sinhalese Veddahs, Loloish and Hmongic tribes). Table 32. An ethno-cultural classification of Dravidian tribes The most intricate knot of
misunderstandings rules in the traditional Indo-Aryan ethnology and
philology. The discovery of Sanskrit Vedic texts convinced their pioneering explorers
that Old Indic bears only the unmistakable heritage of Germanic Aryans,
although it exhibits also residual components of Dravidian, Elamitoid and
Veddoid word stock. Its genuine Indo-European core was not imported to Besides Aryans and Brahmans
India was populated by a wide variety of Dravidian tribes of Turcoid,
Pelasgoid, Scythoid, Elamitoid and Sinoid descent. Their prehistoric typology
may be retrieved according to the manner of burial inhumation, too.
Indo-Scythoids were composed from the Sindhi megalith-builders (1000 BC)
stemming from the Iranian Sogdian and Saka tribes. They lived in semi-barrel
beehive shelters like the Todas, built circular stone-walled mounds and
mummified the dead in a way common to Tocharians in the Aryan
conquerors stemming from Sarmatoid Iranians with t-plurals Þ Aryans, Marathi,
Saraiki Europoid Hindus with
corded-impressed ware and s-plurals Þ Brahmans, Kshatryas Macrolithic Dravidian Elamitoids, bull
cults, b-plurals, J-haplotype Þ
Kodagu, Kolami, Gadaba, Purji Microblade Turcoid tree-dwellers with Y-hg R*-M173 and r-plurals Þ Kallar, Maravar, Kurukh Leptolithic Dravidian Tungids with l-plurals Þ Tamil, Telugu,
Kannada, Kolami, Purji, Gadaba Pyrolithic Hindu Indids with cremations and i-plural Þ Kashmiri, Malayam,
Telugu, Koyi, Kolami Megalithic Dravidian Scythoids with k-plurals Þ Kui, Kuvi,
Naiki, Tamil, Gondi, Braui, Toda Table 33. A reclassification of Indic tribes by plural endings Their hosts were outnumbered by Turcoid
Shivaists with the Y-haplogroup R1b and the Grey Burnished Ware (11,000 BC).
Their lingam cults, rock-cut sanctuaries and the praying posture in the
Turkish sit infallibly betrayed customs of European Iberids and Cimbroids.
The first station on their move was founded by the Extract from Pavel Bělíček: The Differential Analysis of the Wordwide Human Varieties. Prague 2018, pp. 115-138 |
